United States: American Viticultural Area (AVA)

The AVA system in the U.S. identifies wine regions based on geographical boundaries but allows more flexibility in winemaking methods compared to European systems.

Napa Valley:

  • Terroir: Mediterranean climate with varied soils, from volcanic to loam. The diurnal temperature swings create balanced ripeness and acidity in grapes.

  • Techniques: Napa is best known for Cabernet Sauvignon, often aged in oak barrels to add complexity and structure.

  • AVA Designation: Napa Valley.

Sonoma

  • Terroir: Cooler coastal regions and warmer inland valleys, with diverse soils.

  • Techniques: Known for Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Zinfandel, with a focus on site-specific expressions of terroir.

  • AVA Designation: Russian River Valley, Dry Creek Valley.